Periods in the paleozoic era

The Permian (/ ˈ p ɜːr m i. ə n / PUR-mee-ən) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period 298.9 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept …

Periods in the paleozoic era. Noted as a time of dramatic evolutionary, climate and geological change, the Paleozoic Era lasted between 541 to 251.902 million years ago. This Era is so diverse and lengthy that …

The Ordovician (/ ɔːr d ə ˈ v ɪ ʃ i. ə n,-d oʊ-,-ˈ v ɪ ʃ ən / or-də-VISH-ee-ən, -⁠doh-, -⁠ VISH-ən) is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period 485.4 million years ago (Mya) to the start of the Silurian Period 443. ...

Geologic Time Scale. Today, the geologic time scale is divided into major chunks of time called eons. Eons may be further divided into smaller chunks called eras, and each era is divided into periods. Figure 12.1 shows you what the geologic time scale looks like. We now live in the Phanerozoic eon, the Cenozoic era, and the Quarternary period.The Devonian Period occurred from 419.2 million to 358.9 million years ago. It was the fourth period of the Paleozoic Era . It was preceded by the Silurian Period and followed by the Carboniferous ...As of April 2022 there are currently ten defined eras/erathems, namely the Eoarchean, Paleoarchean, Mesoarchean, Neoarchean, Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, with none from the Hadean eon. A period is a major rank below an era and above an epoch.The Paleozoic Era, one of the longest of the Eras, is the oldest Era which started approximately 541 million years ago and ended about 252 million years ago. Its name means “ancient life” in Greek and it is known for the variety of life that rapidly began to appear. The Paleozoic Era can be subdivided into six geologic periods.Mesozoic Era. Of, relating to, or being the era of geologic time from about 251 to 66 million years ago. The Mesozoic Era includes the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous Periods and is characterized by the development of flying reptiles, birds, and flowering plants and by the appearance and extinction of dinosaurs. Cenozoic Era.(i) Paleozoic era is the era of ancient life. (ii) Ordovician period is the age of vertebraes. (iii) Carboniferous period is the age of reptiles (iv) ...

14 Nov 2017 ... The Permian is the final Period of the Paleozoic Era. This is mainly because of a certain end-Permian event … more on that later.Many fossils occur in the Madison group, shells and skeletons of animals and reef-builders that flourished in warm, shallow seas. During most of the Paleozoic era, what is now the western United States straddled the equator. Late in the Paleozoic era, during the Pennsylvanian and Permian periods, the supercontinent Pangaea assembled.The Paleozoic Era. 543 to 248 Million Years Ago. The Paleozoic is bracketed by two of the most important events in the history of animal life. At its beginning, multicelled animals underwent a dramatic "explosion" in diversity, and almost all living animal phyla appeared within a few millions of years. At the other end of the Paleozoic, the ... Permian Period, in geologic time, the last period of the Paleozoic Era, lasting from 298.9 million to 252.2 million years ago. The climate was warming throughout Permian times, and, by the end of the period, hot and dry conditions were so extensive that they caused a crisis in Permian marine and terrestrial life.The Devonian, part of the Paleozoic era, is otherwise known as the Age of Fishes, as it spawned a remarkable variety of fish. ... By the end of the period the first ferns, horsetails, and seed ...

The Phanerozoic is divided into three eras: the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic, which are further subdivided into 12 periods. Paleozoic Era. There are six periods in the Paleozoic era: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. Cambrian Period. Spans from 541 to 485 million years ago.The Phanerozoic Eon is a period of geological history that spans 542 million years and is typically subdivided into three eras. These eras are: Paleozoic Era: 542 to 251 million years ago. Mesozoic Era: 251 to 65 million years ago. Cenozoic Era: 65 million years ago to present. Mesozoic. The dinosaurs and the mammals appeared during the ...Jurassic. The Jurassic period is the second of the three divisions of the Mesozoic era, "The Age of Reptiles."The Jurassic lasted for 64 million years, from about 208 to 144 million years ago. The period is named for rock strata found in the Jura Mountains on the border between Switzerland and France.. During the Jurassic, the supercontinent …It is the oldest and longest era of the Phanerozoic Eon. The era is usually broken down even further to six main periods: Cambrian: 542 to 488.3 million years ago. Ordovician: 488.3 to 443.7 ...

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Series: Geologic Time Periods in the Paleozoic Era. During the Paleozoic Era (541 to 252 million years ago), fish diversified and marine organisms were very abundant. In North America, the Paleozoic is characterized by multiple advances and retreats of shallow seas and repeated continental collisions that formed the Appalachian Mountains.Scientists know that dragonflies with wing spans as wide as a hawk’s and cockroaches big enough to take on house cats lived during the Paleozoic era (245-570 million years ago). At the same time, mammoth millipedes longer than a human leg skittered across prehistoric soil. Hundreds of different huge species evolved during the late …They were also fairly abundant at various times through the Paleozoic Era and formed extensive reefs by the Devonian Period. But about 100 million years ago , during the heyday of the dinosaurs, the majority of reefs were built by mollusks called rudist clams.The Second era of the World. The time period between the Precambrian and Mesozoic periods that lasted for nearly 340 million years is the Paleozoic era. This era is divided into several periods like the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. The Cambrian period was the first part of this era which started ...

The Paleozoic Era lasted around 289 million years and is broken into six smaller periods of time. The Paleozoic era major events began with the Cambrian Explosion, a very short period of time ... The Ordovician (/ ɔːr d ə ˈ v ɪ ʃ i. ə n,-d oʊ-,-ˈ v ɪ ʃ ən / or-də-VISH-ee-ən, -⁠doh-, -⁠ VISH-ən) is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era.The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period 485.4 million years ago (Mya) to the start of the Silurian Period 443.8 Mya.. The Ordovician, named …The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period 485.4 million years ago to the start of the Silurian Period 443.8 Mya.Paleozoic Era 542 to 151 million years ago. This is the era in which much change had occurred. The first hard parts species started to appear such …Permian Period, Paleozoic Era, Phanerozoic Eon [299 Myr - 252 Myr ] The Permian Period is named after the Perm region of Russia, where the types of fossils characteristic of that period were first discovered by geologist Roderick Murchison in 1841.Cambrian Period, earliest time division of the Paleozoic Era and Phanerozoic Eon, lasting from 538.8 million to 485.4 million years ago. The Cambrian System, named by English geologist Adam Sedgwick for slaty rocks in southern Wales and southwestern England, contains the earliest record of abundant and varied life-forms.Life During the Paleozoic. The Paleozoic Era is literally the era of “old life.” It lasted from 544 to 245 million years ago and is divided into six periods. Major events in each period of the Paleozoic Era are described in Figure below. The era began with a spectacular burst of new life. This is called the Cambrian explosion. 14 Nov 2017 ... The Permian is the final Period of the Paleozoic Era. This is mainly because of a certain end-Permian event … more on that later.The Paleozoic Era. The Cambrian Period: Following the Precambrian mass extinction, there was an explosion of new kinds of organisms in the Cambrian Period (544-505 million years ago).Many types of primitive animals called sponges evolved. Small ocean invertebrates called trilobites became abundant.. Two representatives of more than fifty modern animal phyla from the Cambrian explosion are ...The Paleozoic Era is literally the era of “old life.”. It lasted from 544 to 245 million years ago and is divided into six periods. Major events in each period of the Paleozoic Era are described in Figure below. The era began with a spectacular burst of new life. This is called the Cambrian explosion.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. When did the Paleozoic Era begin and end? (Give actual dates from Geologic time Scale), 2. List the 7 periods of the Paleozoic Era in order, spelled correctly, from oldest to youngest:, 3. What is the Carboniferous? and more.Scientists know that dragonflies with wing spans as wide as a hawk’s and cockroaches big enough to take on house cats lived during the Paleozoic era (245-570 million years ago). At the same time, mammoth millipedes longer than a human leg skittered across prehistoric soil. Hundreds of different huge species evolved during the late …

Carboniferous. Subdivision of the Carboniferous according to the ICS, as of 2021. [1] / 43.5555; 3.3573. / 50.2458; 57.8914. The Carboniferous ( / ˌkɑːrbəˈnɪfərəs / KAR-bə-NIF-ər-əs) [6] is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period 358.9 million years ago ( mya ), to ...

Paleozoic Era. Era of ancient life, which began about 544 million years ago, when organisms developed hard parts, and ended with mass extinctions about 245 million years ago. Paleozoic Era. a great number of different kinds of organisms evolved; for the first time, many organisms had hard parts, including shells and outer skeletons.Quaternary Period (2.6 million years ago to present) Glaciers of the Pleistocene Epoch (2.6 million years ago to 11,700 years ago) reached northeast Kansas at least twice, leaving behind unsorted clay, sand, gravel, and boulders. Quartzite boulders, picked up by the glaciers far to the north and deposited in Kansas as the ice retreated, are ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. When did the Paleozoic Era begin and end? (Give actual dates from Geologic time Scale), 2. List the 7 periods of the Paleozoic Era in order, spelled correctly, from oldest to youngest:, 3.Updated on September 27, 2023. “The Paleozoic Era (540 to 252 million years ago) was a revolutionary time for new life on Earth. But it had its ups and downs.”. Some of the key highlights from the Paleozoic Era include: CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION: Bony fish diversified during the Cambrian explosion. Just to end in the largest extinction in Earth ...The Paleozoic Era spanned that period of geologic time during which the evolution of the first invertebrates, vertebrates, terrestrial (land-based) plants, bony fish, reptiles, insects, etc. took place. The end of the Paleozoic Era (approximately 245 mya) marks the largest mass extinction of species in Earth's history.The Paleozoic Era spanned that period of geologic time during which the evolution of the first invertebrates, vertebrates, terrestrial (land-based) plants, bony fish, reptiles, insects, etc. took place. The end of the Paleozoic Era (approximately 245 mya) marks the largest mass extinction of species in Earth's history.Mar 13, 2018 · The Paleozoic era began around 542 million years ago with a massive explosion of life forms. It ended 291 million years later with the extinction of between 90 and 95 percent of life on the planet. Its climate was marked by massive temperature fluctuations as continental masses shifted around the Earth’s surface. ...

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Mar 23, 2020 · It’s easy to get distracted by the abundance and diversity of life that appears and flourishes during the Paleozoic. But life and evolution are influenced by the geologic processes that are always shaping the earth’s environments. The Paleozoic saw periods of intense mountain building, extensive glaciations, widespread shallow seas, and the ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. When did the Paleozoic Era begin and end? (Give actual dates from Geologic time Scale), 2. List the 7 periods of the Paleozoic Era in order, spelled correctly, from oldest to youngest:, 3.The final period of the Paleozoic era. It is named after the province of Perm, Russia, where rocks of this age were first studied. Late or Upper. Middle. Carboniferous (360 - 286 million years ago) A period of time in the Paleozoic era that includes the Pennsylvanian and Mississippian periods. Pennsylvanian * ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In class, we learned that the Paleozoic Era is the time of oldor ancient life. In order from earliest to latest, the periodsof the Paleozoic Era are: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian,Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian. The CambrianPeriod was named after Cambria, the Latin name for …The Paleozoic era is followed by the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. The Paleozoic era comprises from oldest to youngest the following six geologic periods: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian. During the nearly 300 million years of the Paleozoic era, the fossil evidence records dramatic shifts in the forms of life ...The Paleozoic Era is further divided in to seven periods/sub-periods: the Cambrian, the Ordovician, the Silurian, the Devonian, the Mississippian, the Pennsylvanian, the Permian. A few examples of NPS resources in each time Period are highlighted below, from youngest to oldest. Show1040per page Loading results...The Paleozoic Era is further subdivided into 7 smaller units of time called periods. Periods are characterized by common types of life existing worldwide at the ...The Paleozoic Era, meaning "ancient life" is the first of three eras that form a part of the Phanerozoic Eon, the other two periods being the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic.The Mesozoic is the age of the Dinosaurs and the Cenozoic is the era in which we now live. The Paleozoic Era spanned a longer period of time, from approximately 542 Ma to 251 Ma.Fish evolved, and plants and animals started the move from the ocean onto dry land. Most plants and animals from this time are extinct in our modern world, which is why the Paleozoic is named for “ancient life." The 6 periods in this era are described below, as shown in the "Fossils Tell a Scientific Story" exhibit in the Hall of Evolution. ….

As follows: PALEOZOIC ERA. Cambrian period. The oldest of all, began with the Era about 541 million years ago, and ended about 489.5 million years ago. It is divided into the Terreneuvian, Epoch 2, Miaolingianian, and Furorgian epochs. Ordovician period. It begins 485.4 million years ago and ends approximately 445.2 million years ago.It is the oldest and longest era of the Phanerozoic Eon. The era is usually broken down even further to six main periods: Cambrian: 542 to 488.3 million years ago. Ordovician: 488.3 to 443.7 ... Life During the Paleozoic. The Paleozoic Era is literally the era of “old life.”. It lasted from 544 to 245 million years ago and is divided into six periods. Major events in each period of the Paleozoic Era are described in Figure below. The era began with a spectacular burst of new life.The Silurian ( / sɪˈljʊəriːən, saɪ -/ sih-LURE-ee-ən, sy-) [8] [9] [10] is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at 443.8 million years ago ( Mya ), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, 419.2 Mya. [11] The Silurian is the shortest period of the Paleozoic Era. The Paleozoic Era From The Cambrian Explosion To The Permian Extinction So Much Change!. The Paleozoic Era, b oy is there a lot to unpack here! From The Cambrian Explosion to The Permian Extinction, 290 Million years of dramatic change for the earth and the life on it!. There are 6 geologic periods each with its own climate, geography, plants …3 Oct 2008 ... The Paleozoic Era encompasses more than half of the Phanerozoic Eon, featuring some of the most intriguing unanswered questions in Earth history ...Sea levels have been determined for most of the Paleozoic Era (542 to 251 million years ago), but an integrated history of sea levels has remained unrealized. We reconstructed a history of sea-level fluctuations for the entire Paleozoic by using stratigraphic sections from pericratonic and cratonic basins. Evaluation of the timing and amplitude ...The Paleozoic era begins with the Cambrian radiation, a time of great growth in the number of different kinds of animals in the oceans. It ends with the ...Feb 1, 2021 · The temperature of a planet is linked with the diversity of life that it can support. MIT geologists have now reconstructed a timeline of the Earth’s temperature during the early Paleozoic era, between 510 and 440 million years ago — a pivotal period when animals became abundant in a previously microbe-dominated world. Periods in the paleozoic era, Sea levels have been determined for most of the Paleozoic Era (542 to 251 million years ago), but an integrated history of sea levels has remained unrealized. We reconstructed a history of sea-level fluctuations for the entire Paleozoic by using stratigraphic sections from pericratonic and cratonic basins. Evaluation of the timing and amplitude ..., Sea levels have been determined for most of the Paleozoic Era (542 to 251 million years ago), but an integrated history of sea levels has remained unrealized. We reconstructed a history of sea-level fluctuations for the entire Paleozoic by using stratigraphic sections from pericratonic and cratonic basins. Evaluation of the timing and amplitude ..., The Paleozoic Era is literally the era of “old life.”. It lasted from 544 to 245 million years ago and is divided into six periods. Major events in each period of the Paleozoic Era are described in Figure below. The era began with a spectacular burst of new life. This is called the Cambrian explosion., Silurian Period, in geologic time, the third period of the Paleozoic Era.It began 443.8 million years ago and ended 419.2 million years ago, extending from the close of the Ordovician Period to the beginning of the Devonian Period.. During the Silurian, continental elevations were generally much lower than in the present day, and global sea level was …, The Paleozoic Era is divided into the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous periods, each with characteristic groups of fossils. The Cambrian Period saw the explosion of new kinds of invertebrate animals in the oceans, including trilobites (Figure 2), primitive kinds of shellfish, including brachiopods and molluscs, and other groups of invertebrates that failed to survive ... , The Neoproterozoic is the terminal era of the Proterozoic eon (or informally, the Precambrian) extending from about 1,000 million years ago (mya) at the end of the Mesoproterozoic to 542 mya at the beginning of the Cambrian of the Paleozoic era. It is one of three major divisions (eras) of the Proterozoic in the geologic time scale ., The Second era of the World. The time period between the Precambrian and Mesozoic periods that lasted for nearly 340 million years is the Paleozoic era. This era is divided into several periods like the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. The Cambrian period was the first part of this era which started ... , Paleozoic Era 542 to 151 million years ago. This is the era in which much change had occurred. The first hard parts species started to appear such …, Geologic Formations. The Grand Canyon of the Colorado River is a world-renowned showplace of geology. Geologic studies in the park began with the work of John Strong Newberry in 1858, and continue today. Grand Canyon’s excellent display of layered rock is invaluable in unraveling the region’s geologic history., The Cambrian Period ( / ˈkæmbri.ən, ˈkeɪm -/ KAM-bree-ən, KAYM-; sometimes symbolized Ꞓ) is the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and of the Phanerozoic Eon. [5] The Cambrian lasted 53.4 million years from the end of the preceding Ediacaran Period 538.8 million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the Ordovician Period 485.4 ..., The Paleozoic Era is divided into the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous periods, each with characteristic groups of fossils. The Cambrian Period saw the explosion of new kinds of invertebrate animals in the oceans, including trilobites (Figure 2), primitive kinds of shellfish, including brachiopods and molluscs, and other groups of invertebrates that failed to survive ..., Long before people appeared on Earth , other forms of life existed. Many of these living things are now extinct, meaning they have died out completely. The period when they lived is called prehistory, or prehistoric times., Eras of the Phanerozoic. The Phanerozoic is divided into three eras: the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic, which are further subdivided into 12 periods.The Paleozoic features the rise of fish, amphibians and reptiles. The Mesozoic is ruled by the reptiles, and features the evolution of mammals, and more famously, dinosaurs, including …, The Neoproterozoic is the terminal era of the Proterozoic eon (or informally, the Precambrian) extending from about 1,000 million years ago (mya) at the end of the Mesoproterozoic to 542 mya at the beginning of the Cambrian of the Paleozoic era. It is one of three major divisions (eras) of the Proterozoic in the geologic time scale . , Devonian Period, Interval of geologic time, 419.2–358.9 million years ago.It was the fourth period of the Paleozoic Era.During the Devonian a giant continent was situated in the Southern Hemisphere (see Gondwana), and other landmasses were located in the equatorial regions.Siberia was separated from Europe by a broad ocean, and North …, The Paleozoic began with the Cambrian Period, 53 million years best known for ushering in an explosion of life on Earth. This "Cambrian explosion" included the evolution of arthropods..., Social Nonprimate Animals. Henry R. Hermann Ph.D., in Dominance and Aggression in Humans and Other Animals, 2017 Vertebrates. As pointed out by Richard Fortey in Horseshoe Crabs and Velvet Worms, The Story of Animals and Plants that Time has Left Behind (2012), the ultimate beginnings of the line of organisms to which we belong go …, The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period 485.4 million years ago to the start of the Silurian Period 443.8 Mya., Fish evolved, and plants and animals started the move from the ocean onto dry land. Most plants and animals from this time are extinct in our modern world, which is why the Paleozoic is named for “ancient life." The 6 periods in this era are described below, as shown in the "Fossils Tell a Scientific Story" exhibit in the Hall of Evolution., Aug 29, 2019 · The Paleozoic Era began with the Cambrian Explosion, a relatively rapid period of speciation that kicked off a long period of life flourishing on Earth. Vast amounts of life forms from the oceans moved onto the land. Plants were the first to make the move, followed by invertebrates. Not long afterward, vertebrates took to the land. , The Geological time succeeding Azoic Era, was dramatic and rich in life. This period is divided into three eras. These were significant periods in earth's history. Of these, the oldest era was the Paleozoic era. It ranged from 600 to 210 million years ago. Thus its duration was nearly 390 million years., The chart below depicts the geological periods during which trilobites existed. The presence of trilobites is one of the diagnostic features of the Paleozoic Era, the earliest era of the Phanerozoic Eon.The Paleozoic portion of the geological scale of eras at the left is expanded on the right as geological periods, and the time scale indicates how many …, Permian Period. In geologic time, the Permian Period, the last period of the Paleozoic Era, covers the time roughly 286 million years ago (mya) until 245 mya.. The Permian Period spans two epochs. The Early Permian Epoch is the most ancient, followed by the Late Permian Epoch. The Early Permian Epoch is divided chronologically (from …, Approximately 250 million years ago, the biggest extinction event in the history of the Earth (in terms of the number of species that disappeared) took place at the end of the Permian period. This event marks the end of the Paleozoic era and the beginning of the Mesozoic era. The rise of reptiles, such as the dinosaurs, is most probably a ..., Sep 27, 2023 · Updated on September 27, 2023. “The Paleozoic Era (540 to 252 million years ago) was a revolutionary time for new life on Earth. But it had its ups and downs.”. Some of the key highlights from the Paleozoic Era include: CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION: Bony fish diversified during the Cambrian explosion. Just to end in the largest extinction in Earth ... , The Paleozoic Era came before the Mesozoic. The Paleozoic Era was comprised of six periods. The Cambrian period introduced developing arthropods and invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, such as insects, crustaceans, and more. The Ordovician kickstarted the development of straight-shelled mollusks, distant relatives of the octopus, or squid., The Paleozoic was the first of the three major eras of the Phanerozoic Eon; this is reflected in its name: paleozoic is derived from the Greek term for “ancient life.”. The Paleozoic is divided into six periods. From oldest to youngest, they are the Cambrian (541 million to 485 million years ago), Ordovician (485 million to 443 million ..., Abstract. Sea levels have been determined for most of the Paleozoic Era (542 to 251 million years ago), but an integrated history of sea levels has remained unrealized. We reconstructed a history of sea-level fluctuations for the entire Paleozoic by using stratigraphic sections from pericratonic and cratonic basins., Chapter contents: Echinodermata –– 1. Exclusively Fossil Taxa–– 2. Crinoidea ←–– 3. Asteroidea –– 4. Ophiuroidea–– 5. Echinoidea–– 6. Holothuroidea You can find 3D models of Crinoidea here! This page was written by Jansen Smith. It was last updated on May 26, 2020.Above image: Fossil crinoids from the Jurassic by Kevin …, Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. When did the Paleozoic Era begin and end? (Give actual dates from Geologic time Scale), 2. List the 7 periods of the Paleozoic Era in order, spelled correctly, from oldest to youngest:, 3. , The Paleozoic Era. 543 to 248 Million Years Ago. The Paleozoic is bracketed by two of the most important events in the history of animal life. At its beginning, multicelled animals underwent a dramatic "explosion" in diversity, and almost all living animal phyla appeared within a few millions of years. At the other end of the Paleozoic, the ... , Of these, the oldest era was the Paleozoic era. It ranged from 600 to 210 million years ago. Thus its duration was nearly 390 million years. This era saw the origin and adaptive radiation of sponges, starfishes, snails, insects, crabs, and terrestialised amphibians and reptiles. The Paleozoic era was followed by middle period named as Meso-zoic ..., Eras are huge stretches of time; geologists break eras down into smaller "periods" and "epochs." Thus, the Paleozoic ends with the Permian period, the Mesozoic ends with …