Pico question examples women

Aug 18, 2023 · PICOT is different from a standard research question because it is a clinical question. It is composed of various elements that create a framework for research that typical research questions do not usually have. The goal or purpose of PICOT is to ultimately intervene in someone's healthcare. Focus on prevention.

Appendix H. PICO tables. PICO tables were generated for each question defining the target population, interventions and comparators (where appropriate) and outcomes. These are presented with a summary of the searching activity for each question. Go to:Mar 23, 2023 · Developing a Targeted Research Question. Examine your topic to identify the major concepts you need to conduct the best searches. Some useful ways to do this include: Background planning: think of the 5 W's and H for your topic: Who - are the stakeholders, population of interest, involved parties. What - are the issues, problems, needs. Jul 7, 2023 · These questions bring together multiple concepts related to a specific clinical situation or research topic. They are typically divided into two categories: Qualitative Questions aim to discover meaning or gain an understanding of a phenomena. They ask about an individual's or population's experience of certain situations or circumstances. The framework is actually divided into four major elements. A good clinical question will address most, if not all, aspects of the PICO nursing questions. The following are the parameters defined by PICO (T) when it comes to designing of clinical questions: P: Patient, Problem, Population. I: Intervention. These questions are often looking at specific patients or populations, which is why the PICO(T) framework is used. They are often very specific or complex in comparison to background questions (i.e. questions that are routed more in general knowledge or answering an open ended question about an illness, disease, condition, process, or thing).The framework is actually divided into four major elements. A good clinical question will address most, if not all, aspects of the PICO nursing questions. The following are the parameters defined by PICO (T) when it comes to designing of clinical questions: P: Patient, Problem, Population. I: Intervention.Oct 15, 2019 · The framework is actually divided into four major elements. A good clinical question will address most, if not all, aspects of the PICO. The following are the parameters defined by PICO (T) when it comes to designing of clinical questions: P: Patient, Problem, Population. I: Intervention.

Your full PICO question is: "Among hospitalized chronic smokers, does a brief educational nursing intervention lead to long term smoking cessation [when compared with no intervention]?" PICO Question ExamplesPICOT Questions Evidence-Based PICOT Questions Examples. PICOT Questions: Population: Bariatric adolescents considering or undergoing gastric bypass surgery.. Intervention: The nurse’s role as a primary member of the multidisciplinary team regarding perioperative care of the bariatric adolescent patient.This section includes the evidence summaries for each key question. It incorporates a summary of the included review for PICO question 1 and the results of the primary reviews (PICO questions 2–6), other relevant evidence (specifically, related guidelines and systematic reviews) and a summary of the evidence-to-decision framework. Aug 23, 2023 · I = Interventions. C = Comparisons. O = Outcomes. Using the earlier example question, we can break it down into a PICO question like this: P = Patient or Problem (young children) I = Interventions (distractions during immunization) C = Comparisons (no distractions/standard care) O = Outcomes (lower pain scores) You may also hear some people use ... PICOT is a mnemonic resulting from the elements of clinical research. The PICOT process starts with a particular case, and the question is couched to develop an answer. A PICOT question helps you get the answer to your clinical question. It serves as a framework, prompting you to consider various aspects of the topic under investigation. Jul 7, 2023 · These questions bring together multiple concepts related to a specific clinical situation or research topic. They are typically divided into two categories: Qualitative Questions aim to discover meaning or gain an understanding of a phenomena. They ask about an individual's or population's experience of certain situations or circumstances.

A good PICO will be specific and define terms and outcomes if necessary. A good PICO will investigate something new in terms of diagnosis, etiology, therapy, harm, etc. A bad PICO is usually a background question disguised as a research question. For example, "what are the effects of Prilosec on patients taking immune suppressants" might seem ...I = Interventions. C = Comparisons. O = Outcomes. Using the earlier example question, we can break it down into a PICO question like this: P = Patient or Problem (young children) I = Interventions (distractions during immunization) C = Comparisons (no distractions/standard care) O = Outcomes (lower pain scores) You may also hear some people use ...Application to PICO. The articles chosen for the analysis related to the PICO question: “In the second stage of labor, what is the effect of laboring down after complete cervical dilation on mother and baby compared with pushing before cervical dilatation is complete?” The population that was13 examples of PICOT Questions. PICOT question examples emergency nursing. PICOT question examples pregnancy. PICOT question examples hypertension. PICOT question nurse burnout. PICOT question medication errors. PICOT questions for icu nurses. PICOT question childhood obesity.PICOT questions fall into four types, namely: prevention/therapy, diagnosis, etiology, and prognosis. The PICOT format assists in creating a useful clinical question and searching for relevant publications and studies. For instance, if a nurse desires to understand the effect of flu vaccination on the advancement

Preservation of evidence.

PICO Question Examples It will be a time-consuming and difficult venture to identify the most appropriate resources and find relevant evidence without a well-focused question. PICO helps to form a question and facilitate quick and wider literature search.PICO framework helps to identify the main elements of a question and simplify writing a ...PICOT 7 PMTCT What is the most effective antiviral therapy during the third trimester of pregnancy, to reduce transmission of HBsAg? P: Pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy (defined as 27–40 weeks gestation) with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (positive for HBsAg persistently for more than 6 months) (stratified by HBeAg ... Finally, you will click on a button and the PICOT Research Question Generator will present the following: Your PICOT question. Your null and alternative hypotheses. Your independent variable. Your dependent variable. The statistical test used to answer your PICOT question. It should take you less than five minutes to complete the web form below. • Discuss the background questions as a group, and look up the answers as needed. • Find the answer to the foreground question, or have everyone write their own PICO question. • Take 5 minutes to look up the PICO answers. • Share the PICO answers and resources used.The word PICOT is a mnemonic derived from the elements of a clinical research question – patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time. The PICOT process begins with a case scenario, and the question is phrased to elicit an answer. “The question needs to identify the patient or population we intend to study, the ...Below are examples of nursing related questions: Intervention/Effect/Therapy PICO Question: An example: In adult patients with total hip replacements (Patient population) how effective is early ambulation (Intervention of interest) compared to bed rest (Comparison intervention) on decreasing post-op DVTs (Outcome)? Note: The question may also ...

Develop and revise questions that focus your inquiry. Create a concept map that demonstrates the relationships between concepts. Once you have selected your topic area and reviewed literature related to it, you may need to narrow it down to something that can be realistically researched and answered. In the last section, we learned about asking ...When constructing your PICO question, a few important points to bear in mind: Your patient is a member of a population as well as a person with (or at risk for) a health problem . Factors to consider include age, sex, comorbid conditions, past medical history, socioeconomic status or other demographic variables, as these factors may impact your ... PICO and 2×2 table for question about test accuracy. Population of interest=women aged 40–74 years without a history of breast cancer. Investigated test result=positive result on mammography. Comparator test result=negative result on mammography. Outcome=breast cancer according to biopsy (or not) View inline.PICOT QUESTION PAPER: INFERTILITY Significance to Nursing In nursing, fertility is a process that begins from the second a woman states she is attempting to become pregnant but is having difficulty. Nurses are also educators, so a main component to treating a woman who has fertility issues is to make them aware of their options and issues.CHAPTER SUB-CHAPTER QUESTION; 3. Problems of the neonate and young infant: 3.1 Routine care of the newborn at delivery: Among healthy newborn infants in low- and middle-income countries (P), does early skin-to-skin contact of the baby with the mother in the first hour of life (I) compared with drying and wrapping (C) have an impact on neonatal mortality, hypothermia or initiation/exclusivity ... Aug 22, 2023 · What is PICO? PICO is a pneumonic that stands for Patient/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome. PICO is one of many frameworks used to create answerable research questions. PICO is chosen for this course because it is useful in finding quantitative research as is required for Nursing Research courses. PICO is used to help keep ... Developing a Targeted Research Question. Examine your topic to identify the major concepts you need to conduct the best searches. Some useful ways to do this include: Background planning: think of the 5 W's and H for your topic: Who - are the stakeholders, population of interest, involved parties. What - are the issues, problems, needs.Aug 17, 2023 · Once you have the components of your PICOT formula, you can frame your question in 6 different ways depending on the goal/target, the nursing practice problem, or the healthcare issue you are addressing. You can use these PICO formats as a template for asking PICOT questions. 1. Examining a Diagnosis. Question Type & Study Design. Some study designs are better suited to answer certain types of questions. Identifying the clinical domain your question falls under can help determine what study designs to look for in order to find the best, most suitable evidence. Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses are always preferred.

PICO (T) Evidence-based practice uses the PICO (T) model for formulating a searchable question. PICO (T) is a mnemonic used to describe the four elements of a good clinical foreground question: P = Population/Problem. How would I describe the problem or a group of patients similar to mine? I = Intervention.

I need a PICO question over either pregnancy, pregnancy complications, postpartum, newborn, premature newborn, anything along those lines. I know how to make a PICO question so I am not asking that. I am just having trouble with this area and exploring things I could do one over and find articles with. Thanks!These are some best examples of PICOT questions for falls. 2) The Prognosis. These questions are used in the following scenarios. Used to determine the potential complications from a specific condition or the clinical course over a particular period. The following is an example of an intervention PICOT question:Aug 28, 2023 · Different types of clinical questions are suited to different syntaxes and phrasings, but all will clearly define the PICO elements. The definitions and frames below may be helpful for organizing your question: Intervention/Therapy. Questions addressing how a clinical issue, illness, or disability is treated. Jul 6, 2023 · Have two essential components: Example: What causes migraines? or How often should women over the age of 40 have a mammogram? A question root (who, what, when, etc.) with a verb A disorder, test, treatment, or other aspect of healthcare The background question is usually asked because of the need for basic information. The framework is actually divided into four major elements. A good clinical question will address most, if not all, aspects of the PICO nursing questions. The following are the parameters defined by PICO (T) when it comes to designing of clinical questions: P: Patient, Problem, Population. I: Intervention. Jul 26, 2023 · [Examples modified and drawn from Glasper, A. and Rees, C. (2013) How to Write Your Nursing Dissertation] The following examples may help you put PICO into practice. Suggestions in the brackets are just extra ideas for what you might want to consider. 1) Isobel is a 45 year old woman who asks you for advice on natural ways of resolving her ... PICOT Question. The emotional wellbeing of mothers is linked to the positive upbringing of children in the first several months of their lives. However, the physical, hormonal, and psychological changes that occur after labor can significantly undermine women’s well-being, with adverse symptoms preventing them from having a positive outlook on lives.13 examples of PICOT Questions. PICOT question examples emergency nursing. PICOT question examples pregnancy. PICOT question examples hypertension. PICOT question nurse burnout. PICOT question medication errors. PICOT questions for icu nurses. PICOT question childhood obesity.CHAPTER SUB-CHAPTER QUESTION; 3. Problems of the neonate and young infant: 3.1 Routine care of the newborn at delivery: Among healthy newborn infants in low- and middle-income countries (P), does early skin-to-skin contact of the baby with the mother in the first hour of life (I) compared with drying and wrapping (C) have an impact on neonatal mortality, hypothermia or initiation/exclusivity ... The word PICOT is a mnemonic derived from the elements of a clinical research question – patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time. The PICOT process begins with a case scenario, and the question is phrased to elicit an answer. “The question needs to identify the patient or population we intend to study, the ...

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25 Clinical Questions and PICO. The use of PICO is very relevant in the construction of your clinical questions. Evidence-based nursing assignments demand you to structure your research questions in accordance with the PICO framework. The PICO framework is divided into four major elements. These elements will help you frame the background ...When constructing your PICO question, a few important points to bear in mind: Your patient is a member of a population as well as a person with (or at risk for) a health problem . Factors to consider include age, sex, comorbid conditions, past medical history, socioeconomic status or other demographic variables, as these factors may impact your ... Use the PICOT format to structure your literature search based on a clearly-stated, searchable clinical question. P = Patient Population. I = Intervention or area of Interest. C = Comparison or Control group. O = Outcome.PICOT QUESTION PAPER: INFERTILITY Significance to Nursing In nursing, fertility is a process that begins from the second a woman states she is attempting to become pregnant but is having difficulty. Nurses are also educators, so a main component to treating a woman who has fertility issues is to make them aware of their options and issues. Jun 14, 2023 · A good PICO will be specific and define terms and outcomes if necessary. A good PICO will investigate something new in terms of diagnosis, etiology, therapy, harm, etc. A bad PICO is usually a background question disguised as a research question. For example, "what are the effects of Prilosec on patients taking immune suppressants" might seem ... 2. Foreground questions are specific knowledge questions . that affect clinical decisions and ; include a broad range of biological, psychological, and sociological issues. Foreground questions are best suited to the PICO model as it captures the essential elements of your information need to help translate that question into a search query. To ...Jul 6, 2023 · Have two essential components: Example: What causes migraines? or How often should women over the age of 40 have a mammogram? A question root (who, what, when, etc.) with a verb A disorder, test, treatment, or other aspect of healthcare The background question is usually asked because of the need for basic information. Finally, you will click on a button and the PICOT Research Question Generator will present the following: Your PICOT question. Your null and alternative hypotheses. Your independent variable. Your dependent variable. The statistical test used to answer your PICOT question. It should take you less than five minutes to complete the web form below. An example of a picot question comparing two groups of people is: Do- (P) Women-(I) Compared to-(C) Men-(O) Have a greater risk for-(T) picot question: Do women, compared to men, have a greater risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease? This picot question is asking about the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease.Aug 22, 2023 · What is PICO? PICO is a pneumonic that stands for Patient/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome. PICO is one of many frameworks used to create answerable research questions. PICO is chosen for this course because it is useful in finding quantitative research as is required for Nursing Research courses. PICO is used to help keep ... PICO Clinical Questions in Obstetrics & Gynaecology Prof Unit Kalubowila. 866 likes · 10 talking about this. Novel concept of Dr Dhammike Silva, Consultant OBGYN, to inspire trainees to approach...PICO (T) Evidence-based practice uses the PICO (T) model for formulating a searchable question. PICO (T) is a mnemonic used to describe the four elements of a good clinical foreground question: P = Population/Problem. How would I describe the problem or a group of patients similar to mine? I = Intervention. ….

Aug 16, 2023 · 2. Foreground questions are specific knowledge questions . that affect clinical decisions and ; include a broad range of biological, psychological, and sociological issues. Foreground questions are best suited to the PICO model as it captures the essential elements of your information need to help translate that question into a search query. To ... Aug 23, 2023 · I = Interventions. C = Comparisons. O = Outcomes. Using the earlier example question, we can break it down into a PICO question like this: P = Patient or Problem (young children) I = Interventions (distractions during immunization) C = Comparisons (no distractions/standard care) O = Outcomes (lower pain scores) You may also hear some people use ... Sep 15, 2022 · P: laboring women delivering in a hospital I: positions other than the lithotomy position C: lithotomy position O: decreased incidence of assisted deliveries In laboring women delivering in the hospital, do positions other than lithotomy position lead to a decreased incidence of assisted deliveries? Feb 18, 2022 · The word PICOT is a mnemonic derived from the elements of a clinical research question – patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time. The PICOT process begins with a case scenario, and the question is phrased to elicit an answer. “The question needs to identify the patient or population we intend to study, the ... These are some best examples of PICOT questions for falls. 2) The Prognosis. These questions are used in the following scenarios. Used to determine the potential complications from a specific condition or the clinical course over a particular period. The following is an example of an intervention PICOT question:Sep 21, 2019 · The list of PICOT question examples will be incomplete if we didn’t mention a question about severe malnutrition. 23. Can antibiotics prevent death and sequelae in kids ... PICO Framework. Without a well-focused question, it can be very difficult and time consuming to identify appropriate resources and search for relevant evidence. Practitioners of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) often use a specialized framework, called PICO, to form the question and facilitate the literature search. 1 PICO stands for:The PICO(T) Chart provides an easy framework for integrating clinical information into the development of a research question. Students can complete the following worksheet, incorporating detailed information into each response. Decide what your research interest or topic is and then develop a research question to answer it.Aug 29, 2023 · If you are planning to create a systematic review, it is usually best to start with a PICO style question, it provides structure and boundaries to the task. Let’s try: To search for the core topics discussed in your review, you are probably going to want to use a combination of approaches. You are probably going to need to use the subject ... Pico question examples women, P: laboring women delivering in a hospital I: positions other than the lithotomy position C: lithotomy position O: decreased incidence of assisted deliveries In laboring women delivering in the hospital, do positions other than lithotomy position lead to a decreased incidence of assisted deliveries?, CHAPTER SUB-CHAPTER QUESTION; 3. Problems of the neonate and young infant: 3.1 Routine care of the newborn at delivery: Among healthy newborn infants in low- and middle-income countries (P), does early skin-to-skin contact of the baby with the mother in the first hour of life (I) compared with drying and wrapping (C) have an impact on neonatal mortality, hypothermia or initiation/exclusivity ... , 13 examples of PICOT Questions. PICOT question examples emergency nursing. PICOT question examples pregnancy. PICOT question examples hypertension. PICOT question nurse burnout. PICOT question medication errors. PICOT questions for icu nurses. PICOT question childhood obesity., Feb 18, 2022 · The word PICOT is a mnemonic derived from the elements of a clinical research question – patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time. The PICOT process begins with a case scenario, and the question is phrased to elicit an answer. “The question needs to identify the patient or population we intend to study, the ... , Aug 17, 2023 · Once you have the components of your PICOT formula, you can frame your question in 6 different ways depending on the goal/target, the nursing practice problem, or the healthcare issue you are addressing. You can use these PICO formats as a template for asking PICOT questions. 1. Examining a Diagnosis. , PICOT 7 PMTCT What is the most effective antiviral therapy during the third trimester of pregnancy, to reduce transmission of HBsAg? P: Pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy (defined as 27–40 weeks gestation) with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (positive for HBsAg persistently for more than 6 months) (stratified by HBeAg ... , My advice: set your question based upon what you are interested in answering. For example what if you were interested in knowing "How do side effects, both physical and psychological, effect women who have experienced treatment for cervical cancer.."-radiation therapy, sex drive/life, effects of ADL's etc..., The framework is actually divided into four major elements. A good clinical question will address most, if not all, aspects of the PICO. The following are the parameters defined by PICO (T) when it comes to designing of clinical questions: P: Patient, Problem, Population. I: Intervention., Have two essential components: Example: What causes migraines? or How often should women over the age of 40 have a mammogram? A question root (who, what, when, etc.) with a verb A disorder, test, treatment, or other aspect of healthcare The background question is usually asked because of the need for basic information., PICOT Questions Evidence-Based PICOT Questions Examples. PICOT Questions: Population: Bariatric adolescents considering or undergoing gastric bypass surgery.. Intervention: The nurse’s role as a primary member of the multidisciplinary team regarding perioperative care of the bariatric adolescent patient., Nov 21, 2008 · My advice: set your question based upon what you are interested in answering. For example what if you were interested in knowing "How do side effects, both physical and psychological, effect women who have experienced treatment for cervical cancer.."-radiation therapy, sex drive/life, effects of ADL's etc... , PICOT 7 PMTCT What is the most effective antiviral therapy during the third trimester of pregnancy, to reduce transmission of HBsAg? P: Pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy (defined as 27–40 weeks gestation) with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (positive for HBsAg persistently for more than 6 months) (stratified by HBeAg ..., The PICOT question format is a consistent “formula” for developing answerable, researchable questions. When you write a good one, it makes the rest of the process of finding and evaluating evidence much more straightforward. P: Population/patient – age, gender, ethnicity, individuals with a certain disorder. I: Intervention/indicator ..., Table 2.1, PICO questions for the recommendations in women (the general population of women ... , PICO: P = population; I = intervention; C = comparator; O = outcome(s)[ref]For further information on the findings of the reviews based on the PICOs presented in this annex, refer to the EtD frameworks in Supplementary material 2.[/ref] Pre-abortion Rhisoimmunization PICO 1: No anti-D administration in unsensitized Rh-negative individuals seeking abortion (see Recommendation 8 [NEW]) , I need a PICO question over either pregnancy, pregnancy complications, postpartum, newborn, premature newborn, anything along those lines. I know how to make a PICO question so I am not asking that. I am just having trouble with this area and exploring things I could do one over and find articles with. Thanks!, Aug 9, 2023 · Question Type & Study Design. Some study designs are better suited to answer certain types of questions. Identifying the clinical domain your question falls under can help determine what study designs to look for in order to find the best, most suitable evidence. Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses are always preferred. , PICOT: This evidence-based project answered the following question: In rehabilitation patients, what is the effect of a nurse-driven protocol (NDP) CAUTI bundle on the number of indwelling urinary catheter-related infections, compared to the current practice, over a 12-week time period? Evidence , CHAPTER SUB-CHAPTER QUESTION; 3. Problems of the neonate and young infant: 3.1 Routine care of the newborn at delivery: Among healthy newborn infants in low- and middle-income countries (P), does early skin-to-skin contact of the baby with the mother in the first hour of life (I) compared with drying and wrapping (C) have an impact on neonatal mortality, hypothermia or initiation/exclusivity ... , Table 2.1, PICO questions for the recommendations in women (the general population of women ..., Below are examples of nursing related questions: Intervention/Effect/Therapy PICO Question: An example: In adult patients with total hip replacements (Patient population) how effective is early ambulation (Intervention of interest) compared to bed rest (Comparison intervention) on decreasing post-op DVTs (Outcome)? Note: The question may also ..., PICO Question Template Examples. It can be helpful to classify your question based on the clinical domain(s) it falls under. See below for definitions, PICO templates, and example questions from the primary clinical domains: intervention, diagnosis, etiology, prevention, prognosis/prediction, quality of life/meaning, and therapy., These questions are often looking at specific patients or populations, which is why the PICO(T) framework is used. They are often very specific or complex in comparison to background questions (i.e. questions that are routed more in general knowledge or answering an open ended question about an illness, disease, condition, process, or thing)., Aug 29, 2023 · Foreground questions look for answers to specific patients, problems, types of interventions, and clinical outcomes, and the PICO framework will work well with these questions. Use PICO to write a clear, researchable clinical question. The four elements of PICO break a research topic into searchable keywords and make locating evidence-based ... , Concepts from the PICO(T) question are used to construct a comprehensive database search strategy with search terms describing each relevant component of the PICO(T). Relevant elements of your PICO(T) question can be used to develop an initial list of keywords (including synonyms) to use in a database search. The most important parts of a PICO ..., These questions bring together multiple concepts related to a specific clinical situation or research topic. They are typically divided into two categories: Qualitative Questions aim to discover meaning or gain an understanding of a phenomena. They ask about an individual's or population's experience of certain situations or circumstances., PICOT Questions Evidence-Based PICOT Questions Examples. PICOT Questions: Population: Bariatric adolescents considering or undergoing gastric bypass surgery.. Intervention: The nurse’s role as a primary member of the multidisciplinary team regarding perioperative care of the bariatric adolescent patient., This is among the perfect PICOT question examples for falls. 2. The Prognosis or the Prediction. These questions are used in determining the possible complications that arise from a particular condition or the clinical course over a specific time frame. An example of an intervention PICOT questions is as follows:, P: laboring women delivering in a hospital I: positions other than the lithotomy position C: lithotomy position O: decreased incidence of assisted deliveries In laboring women delivering in the hospital, do positions other than lithotomy position lead to a decreased incidence of assisted deliveries?, An example of a picot question comparing two groups of people is: Do- (P) Women-(I) Compared to-(C) Men-(O) Have a greater risk for-(T) picot question: Do women, compared to men, have a greater risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease? This picot question is asking about the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease., 25 Clinical Questions and PICO. The use of PICO is very relevant in the construction of your clinical questions. Evidence-based nursing assignments demand you to structure your research questions in accordance with the PICO framework. The PICO framework is divided into four major elements. These elements will help you frame the background ..., Clarifying the key elements of the question is a critical first step toward providing an answer to inform a decision, or for a researcher to frame the research to be done. The PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcomes) model captures the key elements and is a good strategy to provide answerable questions. [1], PICOT 7 PMTCT What is the most effective antiviral therapy during the third trimester of pregnancy, to reduce transmission of HBsAg? P: Pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy (defined as 27–40 weeks gestation) with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (positive for HBsAg persistently for more than 6 months) (stratified by HBeAg ...